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土地公(罅些喇提督大馬路)
3D Model

Avatar of inaciso
inaciso
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鏡湖殯儀館外有兩座土地公,靠山的“本坊土地”以奪目的紅色刻字,路邊的另一座雖不立文字,石雕土地公公安坐石交椅上,雙雙較二零一九年落成的思親園更形似中式墳墓。《詩經.大雅.緜》以“迺立冢土”來描述周原新宮城裏建造的大社壇,歷經三千年覆地變遷後,時至今日“冢”已沒入尋常百姓墓塚裏去了,可知傳統社壇與墳墓形神淵源甚深。

古代中國人生、死、信、忌都離不開一撮黃土,正如《詩經》謂:“緜緜瓜瓞,民之初生,自土沮漆,古公亶父,陶復陶穴,”在自然界中挖地遮頭,歿後身覆塵土,方尺土坑載生續死,所以《詩經》以“百歲之後,歸於其室”來歌唱“家室”重逢於地下。地底觀天更寖成信仰——《兼明書》解釋“古人掘地而居,開中取明,雨水溜入,謂之‘中溜’,言土神所在皆得祭之,在家為中溜,在國為社也。”周朝時供奉皇室祖先的宗廟與社壇並列,參神祭祖再和合鬼神之說,隨流生化。

宗廟敬奉木製祖先神主牌,取“木落歸本,有始終之義”,反對祭拜屍體,所以原始社壇都選用上等木材,歷代多引用《淮南子》“夏后氏,其社用松”作為證據。墓與社還有諸多相似,例如神主牌列出墓主姓名,若土地公只直呼單一“社”字,豈非不如凡人?神木崇拜讓漢代直接按社壇旁邊植物品種和方位來命名,例如松東社、栗北社等。然而,千年不腐的神木罕見,俯拾的石頭卻萬載彌新,因此“神主皆盛以石函”可上溯周禮,石木互為替補,到唐朝因厚葬風氣再而興起的墓誌銘文化更讓石碑大行其道,明朝甚至規定民間墳墓一律石誌,社壇順理也用石頭了。

木牌隨四時乾潤裂合,枯榮同參,存在生火化泥之生尅,考驗子孫侍奉看顧之恒常心,保護祖先不淪朽木。但憑心而論,墓誌銘尚可裝點文墨,誇飾是非。石碑和石像卻冰冷寂寂,了無氣息,失諸澤潤,何得彰顯生道進程化養萬物,撼動搪塞功名現實的民智?今人朝思親園前教條化石雕土地公前默禱,想必不比《詩經》作者被“墓門有棘,斧以斯之”激動孝心、也缺少“蓼蓼者莪,匪莪伊蒿 ,哀哀父母,生我劬勞”等幽秘自然,攝服人心。

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Published 6 years ago
May 22nd 2020
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