Four Captives Sculpture, 1686, Musée du Louvre, Paris

Also known as Four Defeated Nations: Spain, the Holy Roman Empire, Brandenburg, and Holland

Taken from the pedestal of the statue in the Place des Victoires, these captives represent the nations defeated by the Treaty of Nijmegen (1679). Each expresses a different reaction to captivity: revolt, hope, resignation, or grief. They are by Martin Desjardins, the gallicized name of an eminent Dutch sculptor active during the reign of Louis XIV.The monument was commissioned in 1679 by François d’Aubusson, duke of La Feuillade and marshal of France, Four defeated nations: The captives, four larger-than-life bronze figures, symbolize the four nations defeated at the time of the Treaty of Nijmegen. Each represents one of the ages of man and a different attitude to captivity.

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