Komainu, often called “lion-dogs” in English, are traditional guardian statues found at the entrances of Shinto shrines in Japan. They typically appear in pairs, with one statue having its mouth open (called “a-gyō”) and the other closed (“un-gyō”), symbolizing the beginning and end of all things. These statues are believed to ward off evil spirits and protect sacred spaces. The design of komainu originated from Chinese guardian lions, which were influenced by ancient Indian and Middle Eastern depictions of lions. Over time, they evolved into their unique Japanese form. While commonly lion-like, some shrines feature other animals, such as foxes or wolves, depending on the deity enshrined there.
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