Ramses III between Horus and Set [Cairo Museum]

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The statue of Ramses III in the Cairo Museum, discovered in his mortuary temple, Medinet Habu, is a masterful representation of ancient Egyptian symbolism. Ramses III is centrally positioned, flanked by the deities Horus, the sky god symbolizing royal power, and Set, the god of storms and chaos, also protector of the sun god, Ra.

This arrangement conveys balance and harmony, with both gods appearing to bless and protect the pharaoh, emphasizing his role as a mediator between order and chaos, thus confirming his divine right to rule. The statue also mirrors an ancient myth wherein Horus and Set, rivals for control over Egypt, eventually reconcile, symbolizing Ramses III’s role in harmonizing opposing forces and maintaining Maat - cosmic order and justice.

New Kingdom XIX Dynasty ca. 1150 / Medinet Abu Temple / black granite