The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) was established in 1958 and in the following year, it acquired Hangar S and the rest of the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS). From 1959 to 1963, Hangar S served as a key site for preparing to send the first American astronauts into space. It was also home to the Preflight Operations Division of the Space Task Group, which was responsible for housing and training astronauts before their missions. At Hangar S, Project Mercury spacecraft capsules were received, tested, and prepared for flight. Additionally, the hangar hosted capsule simulator training, flight pressure suit tests, flight plan development, and communications training. Hangar S was the location where the Mercury Seven astronauts were trained for their space missions.