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Monteriggioni is a medieval walled town in central Italy that is located on a natural hillock. It was built by the Sienese in 1214–19 as a front line in their wars against Florence.

During the conflicts between Siena and Florence in the Middle Ages, the city was strategically placed as a defensive fortification. It also withstood many attacks from both the Florentines and the forces of the Bishop of Volterra. In 1554 the Sienese were able to place control of the town’s garrison to Giovannino Zeti, who had been exiled from Florence. In 1554, in an act of reconciliation with the Medicis, Zeti simply handed the keys of the town over to the Medicean forces - considered a “great betrayal” by the town’s people.